Risk factor for type 2 diabetes:and American Diabetes Association Therapeutic Goals

⦁ Risk factor for type 2 diabetes:-

1-Age>40 years

2-First degree relative with type 2 diabetets

3-history of prediabetes(A1C 5.7%-6.4%)

4-history of gestational diabetes

5-history of delivery of macrosomic infant

6-presense of vascular risk factors:

   a-HDL cholesterol level <35 mg/dl and/or triglyceride   level >250 mg/dl

7-hypertension

8-overweight

9-Abdominal obesity

10-presense of associated disease:

       a-polycyctic ovary syndrome

       b-acanthosis nigricans

       c-psychatric disorders

       d-HIV infections

       e-Obstructive sleep apneoa

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⦁ Diabetes Association Therapeutic GoalAmericans:-

1-Glycemic control: the therapeutic goal as the following:-

      a)-A1C                                             <7.0%)

    ( b)-preprandial plasma glucose  70--130 mg /dl (3.9-7.2mmol/l)

   (  c)-Peak postprandial plasma glucose <180 mg/dl (10 mmol/l)

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2-Lipids:the therapeutic goal as the following:-

        ( a)-LDL Cholesterol            < 100 mg/dl (2.6 mmol/l)

         ( b)-Triglycerides                 <150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/l)

           (c)-HDL Cholesterol  <50 mg/dl (>1.4 mmol/l) for women)

                                              <40 mg/dl (1.1 mmol/l) for men

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3-Blood Pressure:-Therapeutic goal:-

            < 140/ 80